Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Glossary

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Fractional Ownership

1 min read
Pronunciation
[frak-shuh-nl oh-ner-ship]
Analogy
Like a group of friends co‑owning a vacation home, each with rights proportional to their investment.
Definition
A model where multiple parties share legal or economic rights to an asset—real estate, art, NFTs—each holding a fraction of the total value and benefits.
Key Points Intro
Fractional ownership lowers entry barriers by splitting asset rights among investors.
Key Points

Shared benefits: Dividends, usage rights, or appreciation split pro rata.

Liquidity: Fractions can trade independently on secondary markets.

Governance: Co‑owners vote on asset management decisions.

Legal structure: SPV or DAO often used to formalize rights.

Example
A fine art piece is held by an SPV that issues digital shares to investors, who receive rental income and share in appreciation upon sale.
Technical Deep Dive
SPV smart contract issues ERC‑20 shares representing equity. Dividend distribution uses `distribute()` to transfer ETH/DAI to share holders based on balance snapshots. DAO module handles voting on asset sale.
Security Warning
Misalignment of incentives among owners can lead to governance gridlock.
Caveat
Legal enforceability depends on jurisdiction and SPV setup.

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