Abbreviation for Attribute-Based Encryption. A type of encryption where decryption ability is based on whether a user's attributes match an access policy defined in the ciphertext or key....

Abbreviation for Application Binary Interface, describing how to encode and decode data for smart contract interaction....

A systematic review of on‑chain and off‑chain permission settings in smart contracts and dApps to ensure that only authorized entities can perform privileged actions. Audits identify…...

An on‑chain data structure mapping addresses or roles to specific permissions within a smart contract, enabling fine‑grained authorization. ACLs determine who can call sensitive functions or modify…...

An unintentional, temporary divergence in a blockchain caused by technical issues, software bugs, or inconsistent rule implementation across nodes rather than by intentional protocol changes.…...

A design that generalizes user accounts into smart‑contract accounts, enabling custom validation logic, meta‑transactions, and enhanced UX....

A blockchain architecture that tracks user balances and state through accounts with associated storage, rather than through unspent transaction outputs. The account model maintains the global state…...

The methods and processes used to regain access to cryptocurrency wallets or blockchain accounts when normal access mechanisms are lost or compromised. Account recovery systems balance the need for…...

A class of cryptographic primitives that allow one to succinctly commit to a set of values and later prove membership (or non‑membership) without revealing the entire set. Accumulators yield constant…...

The group of validators currently participating in consensus for a given epoch or round, determined by stake weight or election mechanism....

A unique identifier that serves as a destination for sending cryptocurrency or interacting with smart contracts on a blockchain. Addresses are derived from public keys through cryptographic functions…...

The cryptographic process of creating public blockchain addresses from underlying key material through a series of transformations. Address generation involves deriving public keys from private keys…...

A symmetric block cipher algorithm established as a cryptographic standard by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). AES encrypts and decrypts data in fixed-size blocks using…...

Portion of tokens reserved for external advisors, consultants, or partners, typically with shorter vesting to compensate advisory services....

Abbreviation for Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data. An encryption mode providing confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity for the message, plus integrity and authenticity for…...

A smart contract–based oracle that collects price data points from multiple sources, applies filtering (e.g. median, mean), and publishes a single reliable price to on‑chain consumers....

A protocol layer that consolidates liquidity or data from multiple sources—such as DEXs, lending pools, or oracles—to provide optimal routing and pricing for end users....

Techniques that minimize blockchain storage and bandwidth by compressing state and transaction data, often through pruning, snapshotting, and binary compression algorithms....

A method of distributing cryptocurrency tokens or NFTs directly into the wallets of certain users, usually for free. Airdrops are often used as a marketing strategy to generate awareness and…...

A computing device that is physically isolated from all networks, including the internet, local networks, Bluetooth, and other wireless connections. Air-gapped devices are used for handling highly…...

A cryptocurrency wallet that operates on a device that has never been connected to the internet or any network, and remains permanently disconnected. This physical isolation prevents remote attacks,…...

An infrastructure that detects predefined blockchain events or anomalies and delivers notifications through channels like email, SMS, or chatops for operational and security teams....

The process of categorizing, prioritizing, and assigning incoming security or operational alerts in blockchain monitoring systems to ensure timely response....

A pure proof-of-stake blockchain platform designed to achieve security, scalability, and decentralization without compromising any of these aspects. Algorand employs a novel consensus mechanism…...

A stablecoin that maintains its peg through algorithmic adjustments to token supply rather than full collateral backing....

Any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin. The term combines 'alternative' and 'coin' to describe the thousands of cryptocurrencies created after Bitcoin, each with varying features, use cases, and…...

A regulated trading venue that matches buy and sell orders outside traditional public exchanges; in crypto, often refers to institutional OTC or dark‑pool platforms....

AMD Secure Encrypted Virtualization is a hardware feature that encrypts virtual machine memory to protect guest data and code from hypervisor or host‑level attacks....

The automated identification of unusual patterns or deviations in blockchain transactions or system metrics that may indicate fraud, attacks, or operational issues....

An Anyone-Can-Validate (ACV) Rollup is a type of Layer 2 blockchain scaling solution designed such that any observer can independently and permissionlessly verify the correctness of the rollup's…...

API3 is a collaborative project focused on enabling decentralized applications (dApps) to access real-world data and services via APIs in a more secure, transparent, and decentralized manner. It…...

Common abbreviation for Application-Specific Blockchain. A blockchain designed and optimized to serve a single application or a narrow set of use cases....

ABI: The standardized interface between smart contract bytecode and external callers, defining how to encode/decode function calls and events....

The highest level of the blockchain technology stack that hosts decentralized applications, user interfaces, and services that interact with the underlying blockchain protocol. The application layer…...

A blockchain designed and optimized to serve a single application or a very narrow set of use cases, rather than being a general-purpose platform for many different applications. This allows for…...

A Layer 1 blockchain platform designed for scalability, safety, and user experience through parallel execution of transactions and the use of the Move programming language. Aptos employs a novel…...

An Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution that uses optimistic rollups to significantly increase throughput and reduce fees while inheriting Ethereum's security guarantees. Arbitrum processes transactions…...

A specialized blockchain node that maintains the complete historical state of the blockchain at every block height, not just the current state. Archival nodes store all historical data ever recorded…...

A blockchain‑backed permanent storage network designed to provide immutable, low‑cost data archiving indefinitely....

A blockchain design approach that aims to prevent or reduce the effectiveness of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) in the mining process, typically by using memory-intensive or…...

In smart contract development, assembly refers to low-level programming languages that provide direct access to the underlying virtual machine's instructions (opcodes). Writing in assembly allows for…...

An asset-backed token is a digital token that represents a legal or economic claim on an underlying asset, which can be a real-world asset (RWA) like commodities, fiat currency, or real estate, or…...

An Asset Pooling Bridge is a type of blockchain bridge where assets from multiple users are aggregated into a shared pool on the source blockchain. This pool collectively backs the representative (…...

A cryptographic system that uses a pair of mathematically related keys—a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. Asymmetric encryption enables secure communication and digital…...

aBFT refers to consensus protocols that guarantee safety and liveness without timing assumptions on message delivery, tolerating arbitrary delays and malicious behavior....

An Atomic Bridge is a specialized type of blockchain bridge that facilitates cross-chain asset transfers or data exchanges in a single, indivisible operation. This ensures that the entire operation…...

An Atomic NFT Swap is a mechanism that allows two or more parties to exchange Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), potentially along with other digital assets like cryptocurrencies, in a single, indivisible…...

Atomic settlement is a process ensuring that the multiple components of a transaction, typically involving the exchange of two or more assets or pieces of information, are settled simultaneously and…...

A peer-to-peer exchange of cryptocurrencies from different blockchains without using intermediaries or centralized exchanges. Atomic swaps use smart contracts and hash time-locked contracts (HTLCs)…...

In blockchain systems, particularly proof-of-stake networks, an attestation is a cryptographically signed statement by a validator affirming the validity or correctness of specific blockchain data,…...