A model of blockchain or decentralized application (dApp) governance where any individual or entity, typically by holding the native governance token, can participate in decision-making processes…...

The ability for any user to list a new token or trading pair on a decentralized exchange (DEX) or NFT marketplace without requiring approval from a central authority or the platform operators. This…...

A decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol that enables the trading of perpetual contracts (also known as perpetual swaps). These are derivative instruments similar to futures contracts but without an…...

A type of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) designed to be used as a social media profile picture or online avatar. These are typically part of a collection of unique, algorithmically generated characters or…...

A social engineering attack specifically targeting cryptocurrency users to fraudulently obtain private keys, seed phrases, passwords, or approval permissions through deceptive websites, applications…...

A hybrid asset class that pairs a physical item with a corresponding non-fungible token, creating cryptographically verified ownership and provenance for tangible objects. Phygital NFTs use…...

The process of representing tangible real-world items as blockchain-based digital tokens, creating verifiable ownership, provenance, and transferability for physical goods through cryptographic…...

Abbreviation for Public Key Infrastructure. The framework of policies, standards, and software that governs the use of public key cryptography and digital certificates....

The original, unencrypted, and readable form of data before encryption or after decryption. In cryptographic contexts, plaintext refers to any data in its original form that may need protection…...

A Layer 2 scaling framework that uses a system of 'child chains' (Plasma chains) anchored to a main Layer 1 blockchain (typically Ethereum). Plasma chains process transactions off-chain and…...

A governance system in blockchain protocols where voting power is directly proportional to token holdings or financial stake, allowing wealthy participants to have greater influence over decisions.…...

The native smart contract language and platform for the Cardano blockchain. Plutus is based on Haskell, a functional programming language, and is designed to enable the development of secure and…...

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Authority. A consensus mechanism where known, reputable entities are authorized to validate transactions and create blocks....

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Burn. A consensus mechanism where participants destroy cryptocurrency to earn the right to mine or validate blocks....

An abbreviation for Proof-of-Bandwidth, indicating the same protocol for verifying network throughput commitments by nodes....

PoBel is the acronym for Proof of Believability, a hybrid consensus mechanism that combines elements of reputation systems and proof of stake to achieve both high transaction throughput and security…...

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Capacity (also known as Proof-of-Space). A consensus mechanism that uses hard drive storage space as the mining resource....

An abbreviation for Proof-of-Computation-over-Data, denoting the same verifiable computing protocol for proving correct data processing....

A technology standard that enables both electrical power and data to be transmitted over standard Ethernet cables, allowing blockchain mining equipment, validators, and node infrastructure to receive…...

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Elapsed-Time. A consensus algorithm that uses a trusted execution environment to elect block creators based on random wait times....

A multi-chain network protocol that enables specialized blockchains to interconnect and share security, creating an interoperable ecosystem of parachains with shared security and cross-chain…...

A multi-purpose Ethereum scaling platform that develops and connects Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks, offering various scaling solutions including sidechains, zkEVM, and optimistic rollups.…...

A sidechain scaling solution for Ethereum that uses Proof of Stake consensus to provide faster transactions and lower fees while maintaining a connection to Ethereum mainnet through a checkpoint…...

A percentage or fixed amount deducted from mining or staking rewards by pool operators as compensation for providing and maintaining the infrastructure that enables collective participation in…...

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Stake. A consensus mechanism where block validation rights are typically allocated based on the amount of cryptocurrency held and staked....

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Space and Time. A consensus mechanism combining storage allocation (Proof-of-Space) with verifiable time delays (Proof-of-Time)....

A structured analysis process conducted after a security breach, smart contract exploit, or technical failure in blockchain systems to identify root causes, document the incident timeline, and…...

A specialized trading order type that ensures a transaction only executes if it adds liquidity to the order book rather than taking existing liquidity. Post-only orders allow cryptocurrency traders…...

Cryptographic algorithms designed to remain secure against attacks by quantum computers, which could break many current cryptographic systems. Post-quantum cryptography aims to develop and…...

An abbreviation for Proof-of-Stake Velocity, indicating the same consensus mechanism that factors both stake size and token activity....

An abbreviation for Proof-of-Trust, denoting the same reputation-based mechanism for establishing node reliability....

An abbreviation for Proof-of-Useful Work, indicating the same protocol that ties consensus work to externally beneficial computations....

Abbreviation that can stand for Proof of Validation. It refers generally to the process or evidence of validating transactions or blocks within a blockchain network, often associated with the role of…...

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Work. A consensus mechanism requiring computational effort to validate transactions and create new blocks....

Abbreviation for Proof-of-Weight. A category of consensus algorithms where a participant's influence is proportional to some quantifiable 'weight'....

A hardware device that distributes electrical power to multiple components in a data center or mining facility, often providing monitoring, remote switching, and surge protection....

A component that converts AC mains electricity into regulated DC voltages required by computing hardware, providing stable power to motherboards, GPUs, and storage devices....

PoX is the acronym for Proof of Transfer, a consensus mechanism that enables a blockchain to leverage the security of an established proof-of-work blockchain (typically Bitcoin) without requiring…...

PBFT is a BFT consensus algorithm optimized for real‑world performance in small‐to‐medium permissioned networks, achieving finality in three communication phases....

A decentralized platform where users trade tokens that represent the potential outcomes of future events. The market price of an outcome token reflects the collective probability assigned by…...

A property of cryptographic hash functions meaning that given a hash output, it is computationally infeasible to find any input message that hashes to that specific output. This is essentially the '…...

A token sale event open to a limited group—often early community members—prior to the main public offering, usually at a preferential rate....

The process by which markets determine the price of an asset through supply and demand interactions, order book dynamics, and trader behavior....

A service that collects price data from multiple sources—exchanges, on‑chain feeds—and computes a consolidated value (e.g., median, weighted average) for use by smart contracts....

The effect a trade has on the market price of an asset, measured as the difference between expected execution price and pre‑trade mid‑price, often due to liquidity consumption....

On‑chain contracts that record regularly updated external price data—typically via oracle networks—so that smart contracts can reference trusted asset valuations....

A direct payment from a transaction sender to the block producer (miner or validator) as an incentive to include their transaction earlier in a block. Priority fees function alongside base fees in…...

A blockchain network where visibility and participation are restricted to a defined group of participants, with access controlled by a central entity or consortium that determines who can read the…...

A Decentralized Identifier whose document and metadata are stored encrypted or off‑ledger, accessible only to authorized parties, enhancing privacy over public DIDs....

A secret cryptographic value that gives its holder exclusive control over associated blockchain assets and the ability to create digital signatures. The private key is mathematically linked to a…...