A blockchain environment that supports deployment and execution of smart contracts, offering tools, virtual machines, and standards for on‑chain applications....

A feature, design pattern, or governance-controlled protocol intended to revert, pause, or mitigate the negative consequences of unintended behavior, critical bugs, or malicious exploits discovered…...

The data that is persistently stored on the blockchain by a smart contract. This data represents the contract's current condition and can include variables, balances, ownership records, or any other…...

A type of cryptocurrency wallet implemented as a smart contract on a blockchain, rather than being directly controlled by a private key (like an Externally Owned Account - EOA). These wallets enable…...

In cryptocurrency markets, "smart money" is a colloquial term referring to capital invested or actively managed by individuals, groups, or entities that are perceived to be highly experienced,…...

S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) is a built-in monitoring system found in computer hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). It tracks various operational…...

In Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Smart Order Routing (SOR) refers to an automated process or algorithmic system, commonly implemented within DEX aggregators or advanced trading interfaces. Its…...

A form of phishing attack where malicious actors use deceptive text messages (SMS) sent to mobile phones to trick victims into divulging sensitive personal information, clicking on malicious links…...

An automated software program, or 'bot', designed to execute transactions on a blockchain with exceptional speed and precision, specifically to gain a competitive advantage in highly time-sensitive…...

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used internet standard application-layer protocol for collecting, organizing, and modifying information about managed devices on IP networks. In…...

A family of probabilistic, leaderless Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocols used by the Avalanche network. It works by having validators repeatedly query a small, random subset of other…...

The agreement among the community of users, developers, and stakeholders of a blockchain network regarding its rules, direction, and the validity of its state. While algorithmic consensus (e.g., PoW…...

A set of psychological manipulation techniques that attackers use to trick individuals into divulging confidential information or performing actions that compromise security....

The process of collecting and analyzing data from social media platforms to derive insights on user behavior, sentiment, and trends....

A non-fungible token designed to represent social interactions, memberships, achievements, or reputation within online communities....

A wallet recovery mechanism where a user’s trusted contacts (“guardians”) collectively authorize the replacement of a lost key or wallet....

A fungible token issued by individuals, communities, or brands to represent social value, access rights, or rewards within a network....

A change to a blockchain protocol where previously valid blocks/transactions are made invalid. Soft forks are backward-compatible, meaning old nodes will recognize new blocks as valid, though they…...

A security practice that identifies and manages open-source and third-party components in software to detect known vulnerabilities and licensing issues....

An application that stores private keys on an internet‑connected device (computer or smartphone) and enables transaction signing and management of crypto assets....

A high-performance, permissionless blockchain designed for scalability through a unique combination of Proof of Stake (PoS) and Proof of History (PoH) consensus mechanisms. Solana aims to solve the…...

A statically‑typed, contract‑oriented programming language designed for writing smart contracts on Ethereum and EVM‑compatible blockchains....

The practice of mining cryptocurrencies independently, without joining a mining pool. A solo miner uses their own hardware to try and find new blocks on their own. If successful, they receive the…...

An on-chain metric that measures the realized profit or loss of spent UTXOs by comparing the spending price to the original receiving price....

An on-chain identity mechanism that issues non-transferable (soulbound) tokens or credentials to represent an entity’s reputation, credentials, or memberships....

A non-transferable NFT bound to a unique identity (often a wallet or on-chain handle) representing personal credentials, achievements, or reputation....

The practice of validating data against an authoritative, cryptographically-secured origin to ensure integrity and authenticity....

A set of design tenets that emphasize complete self-governance, interoperability, and user control in blockchain networks....

A layer 2 scaling solution that uses another blockchain solely for data availability while maintaining complete autonomy over its execution, consensus, and governance. Sovereign rollups publish…...

A public permissioned blockchain network specifically designed for self-sovereign identity (SSI), enabling individuals and organizations to control their digital identities without relying on…...

In the context of Real World Assets (RWA) and blockchain, a Special Purpose Vehicle is a separate legal entity created specifically to isolate financial risk and hold assets that are being tokenized…...

A feature in some smart contract wallets that allows users to define rules or limits on how much cryptocurrency can be transferred out of the wallet within a specific period or per transaction. This…...

A local PIN or password required to approve each transaction in a wallet application....

A cryptographic private key in privacy-focused cryptocurrencies that authorizes the expenditure of funds from a wallet address. Spend keys enable users to sign transactions that transfer currencies…...

A non-fungible token implementation that automatically distributes revenue from sales, royalties, or associated income streams to multiple recipients according to predefined ratios. Split Revenue…...

A non-fungible token implemented using the Solana Program Library (SPL) token standard on the Solana blockchain. SPL NFTs leverage Solana's high throughput and low transaction costs to enable…...

A technical specification for creating and managing fungible tokens on the Solana blockchain through the Solana Program Library. The SPL Token Standard defines the account structure, operations, and…...

A specialized blockchain oracle service that provides verified sports data including game results, player statistics, tournament outcomes, and real-time events to smart contracts. Sports oracles…...

A cross-blockchain bridge that uses Simplified Payment Verification to cryptographically validate and transfer assets between different blockchains without requiring full node verification on either…...

Simplified Payment Verification wallet that verifies transactions using block headers and Merkle proofs without downloading full block contents....

A methodology and set of tools for analyzing blockchain data using Structured Query Language to extract insights, monitor network activity, and generate reports from indexed blockchain transactions.…...

A high-performance solid-state drive configuration used to accelerate blockchain node operations by storing frequently accessed blockchain data in fast storage while keeping the full dataset on…...

An abbreviation for Self-Sovereign Identity Wallet. It is a digital wallet that empowers users to manage their own digital identity credentials and data independently of centralized authorities,…...

A cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value relative to a reference asset, typically fiat currency like USD....

In blockchain systems, particularly those using proof-of-stake consensus, stake refers to the cryptocurrency tokens that participants lock up as collateral to participate in network validation and…...

The act of locking up cryptocurrency tokens in a proof‑of‑stake network to support consensus operations and earn rewards....

Annual Percentage Rate: the simple interest rate earned on staked assets over a year, excluding the effect of compounding....

Annual Percentage Yield: the real rate of return on staked assets, taking into account compounding of earned rewards....

A service offered by a third-party provider that allows cryptocurrency holders to participate in staking on Proof-of-Stake (PoS) networks without needing to run their own validator node or manage the…...

A collective of token holders who combine their stake to increase the probability of being selected to validate blocks and share rewards proportionally....