An Ethereum‑client implementation in Java, designed for both public and private permissioned networks, compatible with Ethereum mainnet and enterprise use cases....

An open-source, permissioned blockchain framework designed specifically for enterprise use cases, offering modularity, scalability, and confidentiality features not typically available in public…...

An incubator within the Hyperledger Foundation for experimental blockchain and DLT projects that are not yet mature enough to enter the main Hyperledger greenhouse....

A modular blockchain platform under Hyperledger that supports parallel transaction execution and pluggable consensus algorithms for enterprise applications....

Connecting blockchain nodes to the Invisible Internet Project (I2P) anonymizing network to obfuscate IP addresses and protect node privacy....

Short for Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol, a standardized method for securely transferring data and assets between independent blockchains using light client verification. IBC enables…...

A bi‑directional communication conduit between two IBC‑enabled blockchains, maintaining ordered or unordered packet delivery semantics....

On‑chain modules that intercept, transform, or augment IBC packets and acknowledgements, enabling features like fee payment, rate limiting, or custom logic....

The atomic data unit sent over an IBC channel, containing payload, sequence number, source/destination port and channel identifiers, and timeout fields....

An endpoint on a blockchain module that binds to one or more IBC channels to send or receive packets for a specific application....

An off‑chain process that monitors events on source and destination blockchains, fetches proofs, and submits IBC messages to facilitate cross‑chain communication....

Abbreviation for Identity-Based Encryption. A form of public-key encryption where public keys can be arbitrary identifiers like email addresses....

IBFT is the acronym for Istanbul Byzantine Fault Tolerance, a consensus algorithm designed for permissioned blockchain networks that provides immediate transaction finality and high throughput…...

A large order split into visible and hidden portions: only a small “tip” is displayed on the order book, while the bulk remains concealed until the tip is filled....

Fraudulent Initial Coin Offerings designed to deceive investors by presenting seemingly legitimate blockchain projects that have no intention of delivering the promised product or technology. ICO…...

The native utility and governance token of the Internet Computer blockchain, used for participating in network governance through the Network Nervous System, creating cycles to power applications,…...

A type of public-key encryption that allows a public key to be an arbitrary string, such as an email address or a domain name, rather than a random-looking string. This simplifies key management as…...

A periodically updated on‑chain signal broadcasting an entity’s current public identity attributes (e.g., DID document hash), enabling others to discover and verify identity state....

A service that mediates between multiple identity providers and relying parties, aggregating, normalizing, and translating identity credentials across domains....

An end‑to‑end process for issuing, verifying, transforming, and revoking identity claims—from data collection through on‑chain anchoring and consumption by relying parties....

A graph database linking identities, credentials, attributes, and interactions to build a holistic view of entity relationships and trust paths....

A user‑centric service that stores, manages, and shares personal identity data, credentials, and preferences under user control, often implemented as a secure data vault....

Supplementary data associated with a digital identity that provides context, characteristics, or attributes about the identity without revealing the core identifying information. In blockchain…...

An entity or system that creates, maintains, and manages digital identity information while providing authentication services to applications. In blockchain contexts, IdPs are evolving from…...

A structured format or template that defines the attributes, data types, and relationships that compose a digital identity or verifiable credential in blockchain systems. Identity schemas establish…...

A digital application that allows users to store, manage, and selectively share their digital identities, credentials, and cryptographic keys in blockchain ecosystems. Identity wallets give users…...

A cryptographic method that uses zero-knowledge proofs to verify specific attributes about a person's identity without revealing any underlying personal data. Identity zk-Proofs allow users to prove…...

Fraudulent activities that exploit Initial DEX Offerings (IDOs), where projects raise funds by listing new tokens directly on decentralized exchanges. IDO scams typically involve creating seemingly…...

Abbreviation for Initial Farm Offering, a DeFi token launch model distributing new tokens to users who stake liquidity provider tokens....

Short for Interledger Protocol, an open payment protocol that enables the transfer of value across different payment networks and ledgers. ILP creates interoperability between financial systems…...

A trading order type on cryptocurrency exchanges that must be executed immediately, either partially or fully, with any unfilled portion being automatically canceled. IOC orders allow traders to…...

A method of thermal management for cryptocurrency mining hardware where equipment is directly submerged in a thermally conductive but electrically insulating liquid coolant. This technique enables…...

The property of blockchain data that prevents it from being altered or deleted once it has been recorded and confirmed. Records become permanent and unchangeable once added to the blockchain....

The property of smart contracts, once deployed on a blockchain, that their code cannot be altered or deleted. This ensures that the rules of the contract remain fixed and predictable as initially…...

A Layer 2 scaling solution for Ethereum specifically designed for NFTs and gaming applications, using zero-knowledge proofs to enable gas-free minting and trading while inheriting Ethereum's security…...

The temporary reduction in value that liquidity providers experience when contributing assets to automated market maker (AMM) pools compared to simply holding those assets. Impermanent loss occurs…...

Fraudulent schemes in the blockchain and cryptocurrency space where attackers pose as trusted entities, projects, or individuals to trick victims into revealing sensitive information or transferring…...

The process of designing a system where the individual goals and motivations of participants are harmonized with the overall objectives of the network or organization. In blockchain, this often…...

A specific set of rules, rewards, and penalties designed within a system to encourage participants to behave in a way that benefits the system's overall goals. In blockchain, these mechanisms are…...

A documented, systematic approach to addressing and managing the aftermath of a security breach or cyberattack. In the context of blockchain projects, this includes procedures for identifying,…...

Services that process, organize, and store blockchain data in a more queryable format, allowing applications to efficiently retrieve information without directly scanning the entire blockchain. They…...

Another term for Solo Mining, where a miner uses their own resources to attempt to find blocks independently, without joining a mining pool. The miner receives the full block reward if successful....

In the context of cryptocurrency, inflation refers to the rate at which new coins or tokens are created and added to the existing supply, potentially decreasing the value of each individual token if…...

An object‑oriented feature in Solidity allowing contracts to inherit state variables, functions, and modifiers from parent contracts....

A fundraising event in which a project sells newly minted tokens to investors in exchange for capital, typically before the project’s mainnet launch....

A token sale conducted on a decentralized exchange (DEX), allowing direct peer‑to‑peer participation without centralized intermediaries....

A fundraising event where tokens are sold directly on a cryptocurrency exchange platform, which often conducts due diligence and provides listing support....

A token launch mechanism on DeFi yield farming platforms where users stake LP tokens to receive new project tokens in proportion to their stake....

The amount of collateral required to open a leveraged trading position in derivatives or margin trading. In blockchain-based financial applications (DeFi), this is the cryptocurrency or token amount…...

Techniques used to conceal or encrypt the actual inputs to a computation or transaction while still allowing the computation to be performed correctly. This is particularly relevant in privacy-…...