A global Solidity variable that returns the address of the immediate caller of the current function....

A global Solidity variable that returns the amount of Wei (smallest Ether unit) sent with the current call....

A reliability metric representing the average operational time between inherent failures of a system component, used to plan maintenance and assess uptime expectations....

A single NFT collaboratively created and owned by multiple artists, with on‑chain metadata attributing fractional royalties and governance rights among contributors....

Smart contracts that batch multiple read or write calls into a single transaction, reducing gas overhead and ensuring atomic execution of grouped operations....

A blockchain ecosystem design that utilizes multiple independent but interoperable blockchains optimized for different purposes, connected through cross-chain communication protocols. Multi-chain…...

A cryptocurrency wallet that natively supports multiple blockchain networks and token standards, enabling users to manage assets across EVM, UTXO, and other chains within a single interface....

A wallet supporting multiple blockchain assets across different protocols within one interface....

An advanced security method requiring users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a cryptocurrency wallet or approve transactions. This extends Two-Factor Authentication (2FA…...

A settlement mechanism where multiple parties offset mutual obligations, calculating only the net amounts owed across the network, reducing the total number of transfers and required liquidity....

State channels that use threshold cryptography (MPC) instead of multi‑signature, allowing a group to collectively sign channel updates without any single party ever reconstructing the full private…...

See MPC Wallet: a wallet where signing keys are shared across multiple parties who jointly compute signatures without exposing private key....

A UI/UX pattern where hierarchical data or workflows are represented as nested menus or panels, allowing users to drill down into details while maintaining context....

A scaling paradigm where multiple rollup chains—each optimized for specific use cases—operate in parallel and interoperate via a shared settlement layer or cross‑rollup messaging....

A governance model where protocol or treasury actions require approval from multiple signers, distributing control and reducing single‑point‑of‑failure risk....

A hardware wallet configured to require multiple physical devices or secure elements to co‑sign transactions, combining the tamper resistance of hardware with multisig security....

An assessment focusing on the security of multi‑signature wallet contracts and key management processes, verifying that signature aggregation, threshold parameters, and recovery mechanisms are…...

A type of cryptocurrency wallet that requires two or more private keys to authorize a transaction. It operates on the principle of shared control, where multiple co-signers must approve transactions…...

An abbreviation for Multi-Signature Wallet. It is a cryptocurrency wallet that requires more than one private key to authorize and sign a transaction. This setup distributes control and enhances…...

A security assessment of multisig wallet smart contracts, reviewing threshold logic, signer management, upgrade pathways, and integration with hardware or software signers....

A technical specification that enables a single smart contract to create, manage, and transfer multiple types of tokens simultaneously, supporting various token classes with different properties and…...

A mutual‑exclusion design that prevents reentrancy by ensuring only one execution context can enter a critical section at a time....

MVRV is a blockchain analysis metric used to assess the average profit or loss of investors in a specific cryptocurrency. It's calculated by dividing the Market Value (current price multiplied by…...

The consensus mechanism introduced by Bitcoin that combines proof-of-work mining, longest chain rule, and economic incentives to achieve distributed agreement without central coordination. Nakamoto…...

The primary cryptocurrency or digital asset of a specific blockchain network or protocol. It is integral to the functioning of the network, typically used for paying transaction fees (gas) and often…...

A layer-1 blockchain designed for usability and scalability, featuring a sharded architecture, human-readable account names, and developer-friendly tools. Near Protocol aims to accelerate…...

A Non-Fungible Token (NFT) that can own or contain other NFTs (or even fungible tokens) within itself, creating a hierarchical relationship or a 'bundle' of digital assets. This allows for more…...

A Layer 3 scaling solution where a rollup (Layer 2) settles its transactions on another rollup (also Layer 2), which in turn settles on the main blockchain (Layer 1). This creates a hierarchical…...

A process of offsetting or consolidating multiple obligations or payments between parties to reduce the number of actual transfers required. In finance and blockchain, netting can improve efficiency…...

The phenomenon where a blockchain network's value, utility, and security increase as more users, developers, and applications join the ecosystem. Network effects create positive feedback loops where…...

A metric that measures the increase in user adoption and participation within a blockchain network, often tracked by the rate at which new addresses are created or become active. It's considered an…...

A hardware component, typically an expansion card or integrated circuit, that allows a computer to connect to a network. In the context of blockchain nodes or mining rigs, a reliable NIC is essential…...

The process of continuously measuring and tracking the delay (latency) in data transmission across a network. For blockchain networks, this involves monitoring the time it takes for transactions and…...

The component of blockchain architecture responsible for peer-to-peer communication, data transmission, and node discovery. The network layer enables blockchain nodes to find each other, exchange…...

The practice of collecting, analyzing, and responding to network traffic data to detect and investigate security threats and intrusions. For blockchain infrastructure, NSM is vital for protecting…...

The collection, measurement, analysis, and visualization of data related to non-fungible token markets, including trading volumes, price trends, ownership patterns, and creator metrics. NFT analytics…...

A chronological record of all actions, transfers, and modifications associated with a non-fungible token throughout its existence, cryptographically secured on the blockchain. NFT audit trails…...

A tokenomics mechanism where existing NFTs must be permanently destroyed (burned) to create new tokens, often with enhanced properties or rarity. This process removes tokens from circulation while…...

A specialized blockchain oracle service that provides external data to NFT-related smart contracts, enabling dynamic, data-driven behaviors for non-fungible tokens. NFT oracles deliver real-world…...

A fungible token automatically distributed to NFT holders in proportion to their non-fungible token holdings or attributes, representing profit sharing, governance rights, or utility within an…...

A scheduled release of a non-fungible token collection made available to the public or selected participants at a specific time. NFT drops employ various distribution mechanisms including fixed-price…...

A tokenized financial instrument that tracks the performance of a diversified basket of NFTs, NFT marketplace tokens, or companies in the non-fungible token space. NFT ecosystem indices enable…...

A specialized blockchain explorer designed for visualizing, tracking, and analyzing non-fungible tokens across collections, marketplaces, and wallets. NFT explorers provide interfaces for viewing…...

A web service that distributes free or low-value non-fungible tokens to users for testing, educational purposes, or community engagement. NFT faucets allow users to experiment with digital…...

A smart contract mechanism that automatically redirects or transfers non-fungible tokens to predetermined wallet addresses immediately upon receipt. NFT forwarding enables programmable routing of…...

A fungible token that grants holders decision-making power over a non-fungible token protocol, platform, or collection. NFT governance tokens enable decentralized management of NFT ecosystems by…...

A cryptographic technique for authenticating the integrity and origin of digital content associated with non-fungible tokens by comparing content hashes stored on-chain with hashes of purported…...

Specialized coverage that protects non-fungible token holders against financial losses due to smart contract vulnerabilities, marketplace exploits, phishing attacks, or private key compromise. NFT…...

Financial protocols that enable borrowing against non-fungible tokens as collateral or facilitate temporary NFT usage rights in exchange for compensation. NFT lending platforms allow collectors to…...

The legal framework defining how the intellectual property associated with non-fungible tokens can be used by token holders, creators, and third parties. NFT licensing establishes the specific rights…...